The Cumulative Costs of Racism and the Bill for Black Reparations

Two major procedures for establishing the monetary value of a plan reparations Black American descendants US slavery are considered in this paper: 1) Enumeration atrocities and assignment dollar to each as prelude adding up total, 2) Identification summary measure that captures amount cumulative, intergenerational effects anti-Black atrocities. Under first approach, itemization strategy, we assess wage costs enslaved bondage; financial gains perpetrators slavery; damages victims post-Civil War white massacres lynchings; losses from discrimination provision home buying supports Federal Housing Administration G.I. Bill; income penalties due racial employment. second global indicator calculate present providing 40 acres land freed slaves 1865 current wealth gap between White Americans. We conclude latter standard, gap, provides best gauge size bill reparations.